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CANADAIMMIGRATION.CA
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 Immigration
to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada and
become nationals of the country. As Canada is a relatively new country, a
formal immigration process has not been around for very long.
Nevertheless, people have been migrating to the geographic region of Canada
for thousands of years, patterns varying.
After 1947 domestic Canadian immigration law
went through many major changes, most notably with the Immigration Act, 1976
and the current Immigration and Refugee Protection Act from 2002.
In
Canada there are three categories of immigrants: family class (closely
related persons), independent immigrants (admitted on the basis of skill,
capital and labour-market requirements) and refugees.
When processing
applicants, immigration officers are instructed to give priority to persons
seeking family reunification and to refugees. Independent applicants without
family but with required skills or capital are considered next.
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The
Permanent Resident Card (PR Card) was introduced on 28 June 2002 upon
the implementation of Canada's Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. It
was originally billed as the Maple Leaf Card.
Permanent residents arriving in Canada on or after 28 June 2002 apply for a
Permanent Resident Card as part of the landing process.
It is necessary to supply a Canadian residential address at the time of
landing. If a Canadian address cannot be supplied at the time, it is
necessary to provide one to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) within
180 days. Otherwise a new application for a PR Card will be required.
There is no fee for a PR Card applied for at the time of the landing
process.
It is the primary method by which Canadian
permanent residents (formerly known as
landed immigrants) can prove their status.
Currently Canada is known as a country with a broad immigration policy which
is reflected in Canada's ethnic diversity. According to the 2001 census by
Statistics Canada, Canada has 34 ethnic groups with at least one hundred
thousand members each, of which 10 have over 1,000,000 people and numerous
others represented in smaller amounts. 13.4% of the population belonged to
visible minorities: most numerous among these are Chinese (3.5% of the
population), South Asian (3.1%), Black (2.2%), and Filipino (1.0%).
There are three main Canadian immigration categories:
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Economic immigrants - Citizenship and Immigration Canada uses several
sub-categories of economic immigrants. The high-profile Skilled worker
principal applicants group comprised 19.8% of all immigration in 2005.
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Family class - Under a government program, both citizens and permanent
residents can sponsor family members to immigrate to Canada.
-
Refugees - Immigration of refugees and those in need of protection.
Under Canadian nationality law an immigrant can apply for citizenship after
living in Canada for 1095 days (3 years) in any 4 year period.
In
general, permanent residents must present a valid PR Card or Travel Document
to a commercial carrier (eg airline, railway, bus company) in order to board
a Canada-bound journey.
This requirement is effective from 31 December 2003.
However, those who hold passports that do not require tourist visas to visit
Canada may normally board a flight on the strength of their passport alone
(although some airlines may be reluctant to allow this if only a one-way
ticket is held). A PR Card or Travel Document is not required for admission
as a permanent resident on arrival at a Canadian port of entry.
Similarly, a PR Card or Travel Document is not required to cross the land
frontier into Canada from the U.S.
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